DBMS
DBMS Part-1
- DBMS Introduction
- DBMS Architecture
- Database Approach vs Traditional File System
- Advantages of DBMS
- Data Models in DBMS
- Schemas in DBMS
- Instances in DBMS
- Data Independence in DBMS
- Database Languages in DBMS
- Interfaces in DBMS
- Structure of DBMS
- Functions of DBA and Designer
- Entities and Attributes in DBMS
- ER Diagram in DBMS
- Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS
- Converting ER Diagram to Tables in DBMS
- Difference between Object Oriented, Network and Relational Data Models
DBMS Part-2
- Relational Data Model in DBMS
- Keys in DBMS
- SQL Introduction
- DDL(Data Definition Language)
- DML(Data Manipulation Language)
- Integrity Constraints in DBMS
- Complex SQL Queries
- Joins in DBMS
- Indexing in DBMS
- Triggers in DBMS
- Assertions in DBMS
- Relational Algebra in DBMS
- Tuple Relational Calculus in DBMS
- Domain Relational Calculus in DBMS
DBMS Part-3
- Introduction to Normalization in DBMS
- Normal Forms in DBMS
- Functional Dependency in DBMS
- Decomposition in DBMS
- Dependency Preserving Decomposition in DBMS
- Lossless Join Decomposition in DBMS
- Problems with Null Values and Dangling Tuples
- Multivalued Dependency in DBMS
- Query Optimization in DBMS
- Algorithms for Select, Project and Join Operations in DBMS
- Query Optimization Methods in DBMS
DBMS Part-4
- Transactions in DBMS
- Serializability in DBMS
- Recoverability in DBMS
- Recovery Techniques in DBMS
- Log Based Recovery in DBMS
- Checkpoint in DBMS
- Deadlock in DBMS
- Concurrency Control in DBMS
- Lock Based Protocol in DBMS
- Timestamp Based Protocol in DBMS
- Validation Based Protocol in DBMS
- Multiple Granularity in DBMS
- Multi-Version Concurrency Control(MVCC) in DBMS
- Recovery with Concurrent Transactions in DBMS
DBMS Part-5
Structure of DBMS
DBMS Structure kya hota hai?
DBMS ka structure batata hai ki database ke andar data kaise organize, store aur manage hota hai.
Jaise ek library mein:
Books shelf pe hoti hain,
Ek catalog hota hai search karne ke liye,
Aur system hota hai borrow karne ka,
Waise hi DBMS mein data ke saath kaam karne ke liye proper system (structure) hota hai.
DBMS Structure ke Major Parts
DBMS ke structure mein 5 main components hote hain:
| Part | Kaam |
|---|---|
| 1. DBMS Engine | Data ko store aur retrieve karta hai |
| 2. Query Processor | User ka SQL query samajhta aur chalaata hai |
| 3. Storage Manager | Data ko memory/disk par manage karta hai |
| 4. Catalog Manager | Metadata (data ke baare mein data) store karta hai |
| 5. User Interfaces | User ko system ke saath interact karne deta hai |
Chaliye in sabko detail mein samajhte hain:
1. DBMS Engine
Ye main core part hota hai DBMS ka.
Ye data ko read, write, update karta hai.
Sab components ko coordinate karta hai.
Ensure karta hai ki data hamesha sahi ho.
Sochiye jaise ye system ka brain hai.
2. Query Processor
Jab user koi query likhta hai (jaise SQL ka command), to ye component use samajhta aur execute karta hai.
Iske steps:
Parsing: Grammar check karta hai
Translation: Query ko internal format mein badalta hai
Optimization: Fastest way se data lane ka plan banata hai
Example:
Is query ko Query Processor samajh kar data laata hai.
3. Storage Manager
Ye decide karta hai ki data kahaan aur kaise store hoga.
Isme kuch aur parts hote hain:
File Manager: Data files ko handle karta hai
Buffer Manager: Data ko RAM mein temporarily laata hai
Transaction Manager: Multiple users safely kaam kar saken
Recovery Manager: Crash ke baad data ko recover karta hai
Sochiye ye ek warehouse manager jaisa hai.
4. Catalog Manager (Metadata Manager)
Isme metadata hota hai — yani data ke baare mein data.
Example:
Table name: Students
Columns: Roll_No, Name, Marks
Data types: Integer, Text, etc.
Relationships with doosri tables
5. User Interfaces
Ye users ko DBMS ke saath interact karne ka option dete hain.
Types:
Menu-based: Simple buttons (jaise ATM)
Form-based: Form bharna padta hai
GUI: Graphical (jaise phpMyAdmin)
Command-line: SQL command likhna padta hai
APIs: Software applications ke through connect hota hai
Diagram – DBMS Structure
| Action | Kaunse Component Use hote hain |
|---|---|
| Student login karta hai | User Interface + Query Processor |
| Admin marks add karta hai | Query Processor + DBMS Engine + Storage Manager |
| App student list fetch karta hai | API + Query Processor + Catalog Manager |
| Database ka backup hota hai | Storage + Recovery Manager |
Summary Table
| Component | Kya karta hai |
|---|---|
| DBMS Engine | Sab operations ka control |
| Query Processor | Query ko samajhta aur chalata hai |
| Storage Manager | Data ko store aur retrieve karta hai |
| Catalog Manager | Metadata ko store karta hai |
| User Interface | User ke interaction ke liye hota hai |
Achha DBMS structure:
-> Data ko sahi tarike se store karta hai
-> Users ke liye easy access deta hai
-> Crashes ke time data ko recover karta hai
-> Query ko fast process karta hai