DBMS
DBMS Part-1
- DBMS Introduction
- DBMS Architecture
- Database Approach vs Traditional File System
- Advantages of DBMS
- Data Models in DBMS
- Schemas in DBMS
- Instances in DBMS
- Data Independence in DBMS
- Database Languages in DBMS
- Interfaces in DBMS
- Structure of DBMS
- Functions of DBA and Designer
- Entities and Attributes in DBMS
- ER Diagram in DBMS
- Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS
- Converting ER Diagram to Tables in DBMS
- Difference between Object Oriented, Network and Relational Data Models
DBMS Part-2
- Relational Data Model in DBMS
- Keys in DBMS
- SQL Introduction
- DDL(Data Definition Language)
- DML(Data Manipulation Language)
- Integrity Constraints in DBMS
- Complex SQL Queries
- Joins in DBMS
- Indexing in DBMS
- Triggers in DBMS
- Assertions in DBMS
- Relational Algebra in DBMS
- Tuple Relational Calculus in DBMS
- Domain Relational Calculus in DBMS
DBMS Part-3
- Introduction to Normalization in DBMS
- Normal Forms in DBMS
- Functional Dependency in DBMS
- Decomposition in DBMS
- Dependency Preserving Decomposition in DBMS
- Lossless Join Decomposition in DBMS
- Problems with Null Values and Dangling Tuples
- Multivalued Dependency in DBMS
- Query Optimization in DBMS
- Algorithms for Select, Project and Join Operations in DBMS
- Query Optimization Methods in DBMS
DBMS Part-4
- Transactions in DBMS
- Serializability in DBMS
- Recoverability in DBMS
- Recovery Techniques in DBMS
- Log Based Recovery in DBMS
- Checkpoint in DBMS
- Deadlock in DBMS
- Concurrency Control in DBMS
- Lock Based Protocol in DBMS
- Timestamp Based Protocol in DBMS
- Validation Based Protocol in DBMS
- Multiple Granularity in DBMS
- Multi-Version Concurrency Control(MVCC) in DBMS
- Recovery with Concurrent Transactions in DBMS
DBMS Part-5
Difference between Object Oriented, Network and Relational Data Models
Pehle Samjho: Data Model kya hota hai?
Data Model ek design method hota hai jisse hum data ko store karne ka tareeka define karte hain — jaise ki kaunsa data hoga, data ke beech kya relationship hoga, aur usse kaise access karenge.
Chaliye ab teeno models ko samjhte hain:
1. Network Data Model
Kya hota hai?
Network data model ek graph-like structure use karta hai jisme records (nodes) aur unke relationships (edges) hote hain.
Isme ek record ke multiple parents aur children ho sakte hain.
Data ko pointers ke through access kiya jata hai.
Example:
Agar ek Student multiple Courses mein enrolled hai, aur ek Course mein multiple Students hain — toh yeh ek many-to-many relationship hai.
Is model mein Enrolls ke zariye Students aur Courses connected hote hain using set and pointer structure.
Problems:
Bohot complex hota hai manage karna
Data ko update ya modify karna mushkil
Modern systems mein kam use hota hai
2. Relational Data Model
Kya hota hai?
Ye model sabse zyada use hota hai. Isme data ko tables (rows aur columns) ke form mein store kiya jata hai.
Tables ke beech connection primary key aur foreign key ke through hota hai.
SQL (Structured Query Language) se data easily access hota hai.
Example:
Student Table
| StudentID | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Aakash |
| 2 | Neha |
Course Table
| CourseID | CourseName |
|---|---|
| 101 | DBMS |
| 102 | OS |
Enrollment Table
| StudentID | CourseID |
|---|---|
| 1 | 101 |
| 1 | 102 |
| 2 | 101 |
Yahan Enrollment table foreign key ke through Student aur Course tables se linked hai.
Faayde:
Simple aur easy to understand
Bohot flexible aur scalable
Sabhi modern apps jaise websites, CRMs is model ka use karte hain
3. Object-Oriented Data Model
Kya hota hai?
Ye model object-oriented programming (OOP) ka concept use karta hai (jaise Java, C++).
Data ko objects ke form mein store kiya jata hai.
Isme classes, inheritance, encapsulation ka use hota hai.
Complex data types (image, video) ko handle karne mein best hai.
Example:
Yahan Student ek object hai jisme ek list of Course objects hai.
Faayde:
Real-world cheezein achhe se represent hoti hain
Complex data handle karna easy hota hai
CAD, Multimedia, AI jaise applications ke liye useful
Comparison Table
| Feature | Network Model | Relational Model | Object-Oriented Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data ka Structure | Graph (nodes aur pointers) | Table (rows/columns) | Objects (classes & attributes) |
| Relationship ka Tareeka | Set & Pointers | Primary/Foreign Keys | Object References |
| Query Language | Navigational (low-level) | SQL | OQL ya code embedded |
| Use karna kitna easy? | Complex | Easy | Moderate |
| Modern use | Nahi | Haan (mostly used) | Special apps mein |
Short Summary
-> Network Model: Pura data pointer se connected hota hai, old style, zyada complex.
-> Relational Model: Tables ka use hota hai, sabse popular, easy to use.
-> Object-Oriented Model: Objects ka use karta hai, OOP based apps ke liye best.