Computer Networks
CN Part-1
- What is a Computer Network?
- Goals and Applications of Computer Networking
- Computer Network Components
- Types of Computer Networks
- Network Topology
- Difference between Client Server and Peer to Peer Network
- Layered Architecture in Computer Networks
- Protocol Hierarchy in Computer Networks
- Interfaces and Services in Computer Networks
- Connection Oriented and Connectionless Services
- Service Primitives
- OSI Model
- TCP/IP Model
- Difference between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
- Encapsulation and Decapsulation in Computer Networks
- Queueing Models in Computer Network
CN Part-2
Computer Networking ke Goals aur Applications
Computer Networking ke Goals
Computer network sirf devices ko jodne ke liye nahi hota — iske kuch important goals hote hain jo communication, file sharing aur resource use ko easy aur efficient banate hain.
Chaliye ek-ek karke samajhte hain:
1. Resource Sharing
Goal: Printer, scanner, software, aur files ko ek saath use karna.
Example: College lab mein sabhi students ek hi printer use karte hain.
2. Reliability aur Backup System
Goal: Agar ek system fail ho jaye to doosra system kaam continue kare.
Example: Bank ka ek server down ho gaya to backup server automatically kaam chalu kar deta hai.
3. Cost Saving
Goal: Paise bachana by sharing devices and software.
Example: 10 computers ke liye alag printer lene ke bajaye ek printer sab ke liye kaafi hai.
4. Scalability
Goal: New device ya user ko network mein add karna easy ho.
Example: College Wi-Fi mein naye student ka laptop connect ho jata hai bina extra setup ke.
5. Communication
Goal: Log messages, email, video call se connect ho saken.
Example: Zoom, Gmail, WhatsApp – sab networks ka use karte hain.
6. Data Security aur Control
Goal: Data ko secure rakhna aur sirf authorized users ko access dena.
Example: College marksheets sirf teachers ya admins dekh sakte hain.
Computer Network ke Applications
Networking har field mein use hoti hai. Neeche kuch important applications diye gaye hain:
1. Education
Online classes, study materials, assignment sharing
Digital library aur LMS system
Example: University ke sab students campus network se e-books access karte hain.
2. Healthcare
Patient reports online share hoti hain
Telemedicine aur online consultation possible hai
Example: Doctor kisi patient ka X-ray report network ke through check karta hai.
3. Business aur Offices
Emails, shared files, online meetings
Cloud storage aur team collaboration
Example: Employees Google Docs mein ek hi file pe kaam karte hain from different cities.
4. Banking aur Finance
ATM, online payment systems
Secure transaction between branches
Example: Kisi bhi ATM se paisa nikalna — ye possible hai networking ke wajah se.
5. Ghar ka Use (Home Networking)
Wi-Fi, smart TVs, gaming consoles
Smart home devices jaise Alexa, Smart bulbs
Example: Mobile app se ghar ki lights control karna network ka use karta hai.
6. Research and Development (R&D)
Scientists ek dusre ke saath data share karte hain
Remote servers pe simulations run hote hain
7. Internet Services
Websites, YouTube, Google, Facebook – sab network pe chalte hain
Har online kaam networking ke bina possible nahi
Summary Table
Goal | Fayda (Benefit) |
---|---|
Resource Sharing | Devices aur software share karna |
Reliability | System fail ho to backup ready ho |
Cost Saving | Har user ke liye alag device ki zarurat nahi |
Scalability | New user/device add karna asaan |
Communication | Messaging, email, calling |
Data Security | Data safe aur access control |
Field | Use Case Example |
---|---|
Education | E-learning, note sharing |
Healthcare | Reports aur online checkup |
Business | Team work aur file sharing |
Banking | ATM aur online transaction |
Home | Smart devices aur Wi-Fi |
R&D | Remote computing aur data sharing |