Computer Network ke Components

Computer Network ke andar kai tarah ke hardware aur software ka use hota hai jo ek dusre se connect hone aur data share karne mein help karte hain.

Isko hum 2 parts mein samjhenge:

• 1. Hardware Components (jo hum dekh ya touch kar sakte hain)

• 2. Software Components (jo kaam karte hain background mein)

 1. Hardware Components

Yeh wo physical cheezein hoti hain jo network banane mein use hoti hain — jaise computer, cables, router, etc.

 a. Network Devices (Nodes)

Network mein jitne bhi devices connected hote hain unhe nodes bolte hain.

Examples:

• Computer

• Laptop

• Mobile Phone

• Server

• Printer

 b. Network Interface Card (NIC)

Har device ko network se connect karne ke liye ek NIC (Network Interface Card) ki zarurat hoti hai.

Types:

• Wired NIC – cable se connect hota hai

• Wireless NIC – Wi-Fi signal use karta hai

Example: Aapke laptop ka Wi-Fi adapter ek wireless NIC hai.

 c. Switch

Switch ek device hoti hai jo network ke kai devices ko local area network (LAN) mein jodta hai.

Example: College ke lab mein saare computers ek switch se judte hain.

 d. Router

Router ka kaam hota hai alag-alag networks ko connect karna. Mostly router aapke home ya office network ko internet se connect karta hai.

Example: Aapka Wi-Fi router jo ghar ke devices ko internet se jodta hai.

 e. Modem

Modem ek device hoti hai jo digital signals ko ISP (Internet Service Provider) ke signals mein convert karti hai.

Example: Jo device internet line ko aapke router se connect karti hai.

 f. Cables and Connectors

Cables se devices ko physically connect kiya jata hai.

Types of cables:

• Twisted Pair Cable (LAN mein common)

• Coaxial Cable (TV/internet ke liye)

• Fiber Optic Cable (high speed internet)

 2. Software Components

Ye wo programs aur rules hote hain jo network ki working ko control karte hain.

 a. Network Operating System (NOS)

Network resources ko manage karne ke liye NOS use hota hai.

Examples:

• Windows Server

• Linux (server systems ke liye)

 b. Protocols (Rules set)

Protocols wo rules hote hain jo data transfer ko possible banate hain.

Important Protocols:

 c. Firewall Software

Yeh ek security software hota hai jo network ko unauthorized access se bachata hai.

Example: Aapke computer mein firewall harmful traffic ko block karta hai.

 d. Antivirus aur Security Tools

Yeh tools networked devices ko viruses, malware aur hackers se protect karte hain.

 Diagram: Basic Network Components

Yahaan:

• Devices switch se jude hain

• Switch router se connected hai

• Router modem se connected hai

• Modem internet se connected hai

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 Summary Table