Encapsulation aur Decapsulation in Computer Networks 

 Encapsulation aur Decapsulation Kya Hota Hai?

Jab ek device (jaise mobile ya computer) network ke through data bhejta hai, to data alag-alag layers se guzarta hai. Har layer us data ke saath kuch extra information add ya remove karti hai — jaise IP address, port number, etc.

•  Encapsulation: Jab data sender ke system mein top se bottom layer tak jaata hai, tab har layer apna header add karti hai. Isse hi encapsulation kehte hain.

•  Decapsulation: Jab data receiver ke system mein bottom se top layer tak jaata hai, tab har layer header hataati hai. Isse decapsulation kehte hain.

 Encapsulation – Data Ko Pack Karna (Sender Side)

Jab aap koi message bhejte ho (jaise browser se Google.com), wo data OSI ya TCP/IP model ki layers se guzarta hai — jaise application, transport, network, etc.

 Har Layer Ka Kaam:

 Diagram – Encapsulation Kaise Hota Hai:

 Real Life Example – Encapsulation

Sochiye aap kisi ko gift bhej rahe hain:

• Gift ko wrap kiya (application layer)

• Ek box mein dala (transport layer)

• Upar address likha (network layer)

• Packing tape lagayi (data link layer)

• Delivery van mein dala (physical layer)

Har step par aap kuch add kar rahe ho — ye hi network mein encapsulation hota hai.

 Decapsulation – Data Ko Unpack Karna (Receiver Side)

Jab receiver ko data milta hai, to woh reverse process karta hai.

Har layer apna header check karke remove karti hai aur data upper layer ko bhejti hai — jab tak asli message (jaise “Hi”) application tak nahi pahuchta.

 Diagram – Decapsulation Kaise Hota Hai:

 Real Life Example – Decapsulation

Sochiye aapke ghar gift aaya:

• Outer box hataaya (data link layer)

• Address wala wrapper hataaya (network layer)

• Gift wrap khola (transport layer)

• Gift khola (application layer)

Bas wahi kaam receiver ka system karta hai — layer by layer unwrap karta hai data ko.

 Kyun Zaroori Hai Encapsulation & Decapsulation?

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