DBMS
DBMS Part-1
- DBMS Introduction
- DBMS Architecture
- Database Approach vs Traditional File System
- Advantages of DBMS
- Data Models in DBMS
- Schemas in DBMS
- Instances in DBMS
- Data Independence in DBMS
- Database Languages in DBMS
- Interfaces in DBMS
- Structure of DBMS
- Functions of DBA and Designer
- Entities and Attributes in DBMS
- ER Diagram in DBMS
- Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS
- Converting ER Diagram to Tables in DBMS
- Difference between Object Oriented, Network and Relational Data Models
DBMS Part-2
- Relational Data Model in DBMS
- Keys in DBMS
- SQL Introduction
- DDL(Data Definition Language)
- DML(Data Manipulation Language)
- Integrity Constraints in DBMS
- Complex SQL Queries
- Joins in DBMS
- Indexing in DBMS
- Triggers in DBMS
- Assertions in DBMS
- Relational Algebra in DBMS
- Tuple Relational Calculus in DBMS
- Domain Relational Calculus in DBMS
DBMS Part-3
- Introduction to Normalization in DBMS
- Normal Forms in DBMS
- Functional Dependency in DBMS
- Decomposition in DBMS
- Dependency Preserving Decomposition in DBMS
- Lossless Join Decomposition in DBMS
- Problems with Null Values and Dangling Tuples
- Multivalued Dependency in DBMS
- Query Optimization in DBMS
- Algorithms for Select, Project and Join Operations in DBMS
- Query Optimization Methods in DBMS
DBMS Part-4
- Transactions in DBMS
- Serializability in DBMS
- Recoverability in DBMS
- Recovery Techniques in DBMS
- Log Based Recovery in DBMS
- Checkpoint in DBMS
- Deadlock in DBMS
- Concurrency Control in DBMS
- Lock Based Protocol in DBMS
- Timestamp Based Protocol in DBMS
- Validation Based Protocol in DBMS
- Multiple Granularity in DBMS
- Multi-Version Concurrency Control(MVCC) in DBMS
- Recovery with Concurrent Transactions in DBMS
DBMS Part-5
Functions of DBA and Designer in DBMS
Introduction
DBMS (Database Management System) ke andar do important log hote hain:
Database Designer
Database Administrator (DBA)
Samjho:
Designer = Ek architect (jo pehle pura plan aur design banata hai)
DBA = Building manager (jo daily kaam aur maintenance karta hai)
Dono alag roles hote hain aur dono zaruri hote hain taaki database smooth aur secure kaam kare.
Functions of Database Designer
Database Designer ka kaam hota hai database ka design plan karna — yani kis tarah ka data store hoga aur uska kya structure hoga.
Important kaam:
| Function | Kya karta hai | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Requirement Analysis | Users ki needs samajhta hai | College ke students aur teachers ka data kya store karna hai? |
| 2. Conceptual Design | High-level design banata hai (ER Diagram) | Students aur Courses ke beech relation banana |
| 3. Logical Design | Tables aur unke columns decide karta hai | Students table mein Roll_No, Name, Marks waale columns banana |
| 4. Physical Design | Kaise aur kahan data physically store hoga plan karta hai | Fast searching ke liye indexing lagana |
| 5. Normalization | Duplicate data hatata hai | Same student ka data baar-baar na aaye, isliye tables divide karna |
| 6. Security Planning | Kaun kya data access kar sakta hai decide karta hai | Students ko sirf apne marks dekhne ka right dena |
Diagram: Database Designer ka Process
Functions of Database Administrator (DBA)
DBA ka kaam hota hai database ka daily kaam sambhalna aur usko manage karna.
Important kaam:
| Function | Kya karta hai | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Installation and Setup | Database software install karta hai | MySQL ko server pe install karna |
| 2. Security Management | Users ka access control karta hai | Students sirf apna data dekh saken |
| 3. Backup and Recovery | Data ka backup leta hai aur crash hone par recover karta hai | Roz backup lena aur data loss hone par wapas lana |
| 4. Performance Tuning | Database ko fast banata hai | Slow chal raha database to query ko optimize karna |
| 5. Monitoring | Database health check karta hai | Space khatam ho raha hai to alert bhejna |
| 6. Upgradation and Migration | New versions install karta hai aur data shift karta hai | MySQL 5 se 8 migrate karna |
| 7. User Management | Naye users create karta hai aur roles assign karta hai | Naye teacher ke liye login banana |
| 8. Troubleshooting | Problems solve karta hai | Server down hone par jaldi thik karna |
Diagram: DBA ka Process
Real-Life Example: College Database
Agar ek college ka database ban raha hai to:
Designer yeh decide karega:
Students, Courses aur Results ke tables kaise honge
Kaunse fields (columns) honge jaise Roll_No, Name, Marks
Relationships kaise banenge (Students enroll in Courses)
DBA yeh kaam karega:
Database ko server pe install karega
Students aur teachers ke liye proper access banayega
Daily backup karega
Agar server crash ho jaye to data recover karega
Short Summary Table
| Database Designer | Database Administrator (DBA) |
|---|---|
| Database ka structure aur design banata hai | Database ko manage aur maintain karta hai |
| Tables, columns, relationships plan karta hai | Users, backup, security aur performance ka dhyaan rakhta hai |
| Duplication hataane ke liye normalization karta hai | Problems solve karta hai aur system ko update karta hai |
Dono roles ek doosre ke bina incomplete hain:
Designer ka design hoga to database useful banega.
DBA ki maintenance hogi to database safe aur fast chalega.
Important Point:
Designer ka kaam mainly start mein hota hai jab database ban raha hota hai.
DBA ka kaam hamisha chalta rehta hai jab tak database use ho raha hai.