Normalization in DBMS 

 Normalization kya hota hai?

Normalization ek process hoti hai jisme hum apne database ke data ko achhe se arrange karte hain taaki:

• Data repeat na ho (Redundancy kam ho)

• Data sahi tarike se store ho

• Update, delete ya insert karna easy aur safe ho

 Simple Words Mein:
Normalization ka matlab hai “Data ko properly todna aur alag tables mein store karna, taaki data repeat na ho aur galti na ho.”

 Normalization ke Goals:

• -> Duplicate data ko hataana (Redundancy kam karna)

• -> Data clean aur consistent rakhna

• -> Database ko efficient banana

• -> Insertion, update aur delete mein problems (anomalies) se bachna

 Without Normalization Example

 Problems:

• Student ka naam repeat ho raha hai

• DBMS ka fee 2 jagah likha hai – agar change karna ho toh dono jagah update karna padega

 With Normalization (Data neatly arranged)

Data ko 3 alag tables mein tod diya:

1. Students Table

2. Courses Table

3. Enrollment Table

 Ab agar kisi course ka fee change karna ho, toh sirf ek jagah change karna padega. Easy & clean!

 Normalization zaroori kyun hai?

Socho agar tumhare paas ek university ka database hai:

• Har student ka data baar-baar likhna padega

• Agar ek choti si galti ho gayi (jaise fee galat likh diya), toh sab gadbad ho sakta hai

• Data ka update karna mushkil ho jaata hai

 3 Types of Problems (Anomalies) Without Normalization

1. Insertion Anomaly – Naya course tabhi add kar sakte ho jab koi student usme ho.

2. Update Anomaly – Ek choti si change har jagah manually karni padti hai.

3. Deletion Anomaly – Agar ek student delete ho gaya toh uska course ka data bhi delete ho jaata hai.

4.  

 Normal Forms (Normalization ke Levels)

Normalization step by step hoti hai. Har step ko bolte hain Normal Form:

Ye levels hum alag lesson mein detail se samjhenge. Abhi ke liye samjho ki ye steps hai clean data tak pahunchne ke.

 Normalization Process Diagram

 Summary:

• Normalization = Data ko theek se todna aur organize karna

• Redundancy kam hoti hai

• Data safe aur clean rehta hai

• Update, Insert, Delete easy aur consistent ho jaate hain