Network Topology 

Network Topology ka matlab hota hai — ek network mein devices ka layout ya arrangement. Matlab, computers aur other devices kaise ek doosre se physically ya logically connected hain.

Ye kuch common types hain:

1. Point-to-Point

2. Bus

3. Star

4. Ring

5. Mesh

6. Tree

7. Hybrid

1. Point-to-Point Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Ismein sirf do devices directly ek cable se connected hote hain.

 Example:

• Computer directly printer se USB se connected

• Do routers ke beech ek cable connection

 Features:

• Simple aur fast

• Secure (sirf do devices involved)

• Expandable nahi hai (do devices se zyada nahi jod sakte)

2. Bus Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Sabhi devices ek single cable (backbone) se connected hote hain, jo ki bi-directional hoti hai.

 Example:

• Old small office networks

• Pehle ke Ethernet setups

 Diagram:

 Features:

• Cheap aur easy to install

• Cable kharaab ho gaya to pura network down

• Zyada devices hone par slow ho jata hai

• Dono ends pe terminator chahiye

3. Star Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Sabhi devices ek central device (hub ya switch) se connected hote hain.

 Example:

• Ghar ka Wi-Fi router

• College ke computer lab

 Diagram:

 Features:

• Easy to manage

• Ek cable fail ho jaye to sirf ek device affected

• Agar central switch fail ho gaya to pura network band

• Modern LANs mein mostly ye use hota hai

4. Ring Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Devices ek circular loop mein connected hote hain — har device do aur devices se judta hai.

 Example:

• Purane token ring networks

• Office networks (pichle zamane ke)

 Diagram:

 Features:

• Data ek direction mein move karta hai

• Thoda kam cable chahiye

• Ek device fail ho gaya to pura ring ruk sakta hai

• Token passing system chahiye hota hai

5. Mesh Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Har device baaki sabhi devices se directly connected hota hai.

 Example:

• Military networks

• Emergency communication systems

 Diagram (4 devices ke liye):

 Features:

• Bohot reliable

• Ek bhi cable ya device fail ho to network chalta rehta hai

• Bahut zyada cable lagta hai → mehenga

• Complex setup

6. Tree Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Ye ek star aur bus topology ka combination hota hai, ek tree ke shape mein.

 Example:

• Universities ke campus networks

• Large organization ka hierarchical setup

 Diagram:

 Features:

• Expand karna easy hota hai

• Agar main backbone kharab ho gaya to poora network down ho sakta hai

• Large networks mein common use

7. Hybrid Topology

 Kya hota hai?

Ye do ya zyada topologies ka mix hoti hai — jaise star + ring, ya mesh + star.

 Example:

• Enterprises, data centers

• Real world ke most networks

 Features:

• Highly flexible

• Customize kar sakte ho according to needs

• Setup aur design thoda complex hota hai

• Real-world mein most networks hybrid hi hote hain

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 Summary Table

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 Final Words:

Aap kis topology ka use karenge wo depend karta hai:

• Kitne devices hain

• Network ka size kya hai

• Kitna budget hai

• Kitna reliable system chahiye

Aaj ke time mein Hybrid topology most common hai — kyunki ye best features combine karti hai.