TheHingineer

 Analog aur Digital Signals 

 Signal Kya Hota Hai?

Signal ek aisa medium hai jiske through data ek jagah se doosri jagah travel karta hai. Iska use data ko represent aur transfer karne ke liye hota hai.

Computer Networks mein do main type ke signals hote hain:

1. Analog Signals
2. Digital Signals
 

 1. Analog Signals

Analog Signal ek continuous signal hota hai jo time ke saath smoothly change hota hai. Isme values beech mein kuch bhi ho sakti hain, fixed nahi hoti.

 Diagram:

Analog Signal

Ye ek smooth wave jaisa hota hai (jaise sine wave).

 Real-Life Examples:

  • Humari awaaz jab telephone line se jaati hai

  • FM/AM radio signals

  • Analog TV ka signal

 Features:

FeatureDescription
ContinuousSmooth aur lagataar change hota hai
AmplitudeWave ki height ya strength
FrequencyWave kitni fast vibrate kar rahi hai
PhaseWave ka timing shift

 2. Digital Signals

Digital Signal ek discrete signal hota hai jisme sirf fixed values hoti hain — mostly 0 aur 1.

Ye steps ya square wave ki tarah dikhai deta hai.

 Diagram:

Digital Signal

 Real-Life Examples:

  • Computer ke beech mein data transfer

  • USB se file copy karna

  • Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Digital Audio/Video

 Features:

FeatureDescription
DiscreteSirf 0 aur 1 ka use karta hai
Easy to StoreHard disk, SSD mein store ho sakta hai
Less NoiseNoise se kam effect hota hai

 Analog vs Digital 

FeatureAnalog SignalDigital Signal
NatureSmooth aur continuous waveStep-by-step ya square wave
ValuesInfinite (beech ke values bhi possible)Fixed values – sirf 0 aur 1
Noise SensitivityZyada noise effect karta haiKam noise ka asar padta hai
StorageDifficult to storeEasy to store
ExampleFM radio, telephone callInternet data, file transfer
Use in NetworkOld telephone, modemsWi-Fi, LAN, fiber, routers

 Conversion Devices

Kabhi-kabhi analog aur digital signals ko convert karna padta hai. Iske liye ye devices use hote hain:

DeviceKaam
ModemDigital to Analog aur Analog to Digital
ADCAnalog to Digital Converter
DACDigital to Analog Converter

 Real-Life Analogy

Signal TypeReal Life Example
AnalogDimmer switch (light smooth increase/decrease)
DigitalNormal switch (sirf ON ya OFF)

 Summary

TopicKya Yaad Rakhein
Analog SignalSmooth wave jaisa signal (voice, radio)
Digital SignalStep wala signal (0-1 based)
Main UseAnalog: Purane systems; Digital: Modern computers
ShapeAnalog = curve, Digital = square
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