Data Rate aur Bandwidth 

 Data Rate Kya Hota Hai?

 Simple Definition:

Data Rate (ya Bit Rate) batata hai ki har second mein kitna data transfer ho raha hai kisi network channel ke through.

Ye actual speed hai jisme data ek device se doosre tak jaata hai.

 Unit:

• bps (bits per second) mein measure hota hai

• Bade units:

  • Kbps = 1,000 bits per second

  • Mbps = 10,00,000 bits per second

  • Gbps = 1,00,00,00,000 bits per second

 Real-Life Example:

Agar aap kisi file ko download kar rahe hain aur aapka internet 10 Mbps ka hai, iska matlab har second 10 million bits download ho rahe hain.

 Bandwidth Kya Hota Hai?

 Simple Definition:

Bandwidth kisi communication channel ka maximum capacity hota hai — yaani kitna zyada data ek baar mein transfer ho sakta hai.

Ye ek tarah se road ka width jaisa hai – jitni chodi road, utni zyada gaadiyaan (data) ek saath ja sakti hain.

 Unit:

• Ye bhi bps mein measure hota hai (same as Data Rate)

 Easy Analogy:

Sochiye aapke paas ek pipeline hai:

• Agar pipe ki width chhoti hai (low bandwidth) to pani dheere aayega

• Agar pipe ki width badi hai (high bandwidth) to zyada pani ek saath flow karega

 Data Rate vs Bandwidth

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 Important Baaten

1. Data Rate ≤ Bandwidth

• Aapka data rate kabhi bandwidth se zyada nahi hota.

• Bandwidth ek potential hai, jabki data rate actual performance hota hai.

2. Data Rate par kya-kya effect daalta hai?

• Signal quality

• Noise (external disturbance)

• Distance between sender aur receiver

• Device ya hardware ki capability

 Real-life Examples

Agar aapke paas 100 Mbps ka broadband hai, to bhi actual data rate kam ho sakta hai agar Wi-Fi signal weak ho ya zyada log same connection use kar rahe ho.

 Summary