Computer Networks
CN Part-1
- What is a Computer Network?
- Goals and Applications of Computer Networking
- Computer Network Components
- Types of Computer Networks
- Network Topology
- Difference between Client Server and Peer to Peer Network
- Layered Architecture in Computer Networks
- Protocol Hierarchy in Computer Networks
- Interfaces and Services in Computer Networks
- Connection Oriented and Connectionless Services
- Service Primitives
- OSI Model
- TCP/IP Model
- Difference between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
- Encapsulation and Decapsulation in Computer Networks
- Queueing Models in Computer Network
CN Part-2
- Physical Layer in Computer Networks
- Transmission Media in Computer Networks
- Analog and Digital Signals
- Data Rate and Bandwidth
- Encoding Techniques
- Multiplexing in Computer Networks
- Transmission Modes in Computer Networks
- Data Link Layer
- Framing in Data Link Layer
- Flow Control in Data Link Layer
- Error Control in Data Link Layer
- Error Detection and Correction in Computer Networks
- Stop and Wait Protocol
- Sliding Window Protocol
- SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Control) Protocol
- High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
CN Part-3
- MAC Sublayer and MAC Addressing
- Channel Allocation Methods
- ALOHA Protocol (Pure and Slotted ALOHA)
- CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA in Computer Networks
- Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
- Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.11, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth Basics)
- Network Layer and Design Issues
- IPv4 and IPv6 Protocols
- Addressing: IP Address, Subnetting, and Supernetting
- Routing Algorithms: Static vs Dynamic, Distance Vector, and Link State
- Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, and BGP
- Packet Switching and IP Fragmentation
- Network Layer Protocols: ICMP, ARP, RARP, DHCP, and NAT
CN Part-4
- Transport Layer and Functions
- Process-to-Process Delivery, Ports, and Sockets
- TCP Segment and Three-Way Handshake Connection Establishment
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Format and Features
- Flow Control and Error Control in Transport Layer
- Congestion Control: Leaky Bucket, Token Bucket, and TCP Congestion Control
CN Part-5
- Application Layer Architecture and Principles
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Email Protocols: SMTP, POP3, and IMAP
- File and Web Protocols: FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS
- Remote Access Protocols: Telnet and SSH
- World Wide Web (WWW) and Web Architecture
- Network Security Basics: SSL, TLS, and Cryptography Fundamentals
Transmission Modes in Computer Networks
Transmission Mode kya hota hai?
Transmission Mode batata hai ki do devices ke beech data kis direction mein flow karega. Iska matlab hota hai:
Data ek hi direction mein jayega ya dono directions mein?
Kya ek hi time pe dono devices data bhej sakte hain?
Types of Transmission Modes
Transmission ke 3 types hote hain:
-
Simplex
-
Half Duplex
-
Full Duplex
Chaliye inhe detail mein samajhte hain:
1. Simplex Mode
-
Simplex mode mein data sirf ek direction mein flow karta hai.
-
Ek device sirf bhejta hai, aur doosra sirf receive karta hai.
Example:
-
TV Broadcast – TV station signal bhejta hai, TV sirf receive karta hai
-
Keyboard – Keyboard data bhejta hai (key press), CPU receive karta hai
[Sender] ➝➝➝➝ [Receiver] Fayda:
System simple hota hai
Nuksaan:
Receiver kabhi data bhej nahi sakta
2. Half Duplex Mode
-
Is mode mein data dono directions mein ja sakta hai
-
Lekin ek samay par sirf ek direction mein data flow hota hai
-
Devices turn by turn data bhejte hain
Example:
-
Walkie-Talkie – Pehle ek bolega, fir doosra
-
Police radio – Ek time pe ek hi taraf se baat hoti hai
[Device A] ⇄ [Device B]
(One at a time)
Fayda:
Two-way communication possible hai
Nuksaan:
Ek samay pe sirf ek bol sakta hai, dusra wait karega
3. Full Duplex Mode
-
Isme data dono directions mein ek saath flow karta hai
-
Dono devices simultaneously bhej aur receive kar sakte hain
Example:
-
Mobile phone call – Dono log ek saath bol aur sun sakte hain
-
Internet browsing – Aapka PC request bhejta hai aur data receive karta hai ek hi samay pe
[Device A] ⇆ [Device B]
(Both send & receive together)
Fayda:
-> Fastest mode hai
-> Dono devices continuously data exchange kar sakte hain
Nuksaan:
-> Thoda complex hardware lagta hai
Quick Comparison Table
| Mode | Data kis direction mein? | Ek hi time pe dono send/receive? | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simplex | Sirf ek side | No | TV Broadcast |
| Half Duplex | Dono side, lekin ek baar mein ek | No | Walkie-Talkie |
| Full Duplex | Dono side ek saath | Yes | Mobile Call |
Conclusion
Transmission Modes network communication ke basic rules batate hain—data kis direction mein aur kis tarike se flow karega. Aapke system ke requirement ke hisaab se aap Simplex, Half Duplex, ya Full Duplex choose karte ho. Har mode ka apna use case aur importance hota hai.