Operating System
OS Part-1
OS Part-2
- File Concepts and Access methods
- Free Space Management and Allocation methods
- Directory Systems and Protection
- File Organization, Sharing and Implementation issues
- Disk and Drum Scheduling
- I/O Devices Organisation & I/O Buffering
- I/O Hardware, Kernel I/O subsystem and Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations
- Device Drivers and Path Management
- Device Driver Sub Modules and Procedure
- Device Scheduler and Handler
- Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
- File System in Linux and Windows
OS Part-3
- Process and Process Control Block(PCB)
- Process Scheduling( Preemptive and Non Preemptive)
- Scheduling Algorithms
- Algorithm Evaluation
- Multiple Processor Scheduling
- Real Time Scheduling
- Operations on Processes
- Threads
- Inter-Process Communication
- Precedence Graphs
- Critical Section Problem
- Semaphores
- Classical Problems of Synchronization
- DeadLock
- Deadlock Prevention and Avoidance
- Deadlock Detection and Recovery
- Process Management in Linux
OS Part-4
- Memory Hierarchy in OS
- Concepts of Memory Management
- MFT and MVT
- Logical and Physical Address Space
- Swapping
- Contiguous and Non Contiguous Memory Allocation
- Paging
- Segmentation
- Paging Combined with Segmentation
- Structure and Implementation of Page Table
- Virtual Memory in OS
- Cache Memory Organization
- Demand Paging
- Page Replacement Algorithms
- Allocation of Frames and Thrashing
- Demand Segmentation
OS Part-5
- Distributed Operating System: Introduction and Types
- Distributed OS: Design Issues
- Distributed OS: File System
- Distributed OS: Remote File Access
- Remote Procedure Call(RPC)
- Remote Method Invocation(RMI)
- Distributed Shared Memory
- Parallel Processing and Concurrent Programming
- Security and Threats Protection in Distributed OS
- Security Design Principles and Authentication in Distributed OS
- Sensor Network and Parallel OS
Distributed Operating System: Remote File Access
Introduction
Remote File Access ka matlab hai ki ek system doosre system par store ki gayi files ko access kar sakta hai bina us system ke paas physically jaaye. Ye Distributed File System (DFS) ka ek important feature hai jo multiple computers ke beech files share karne ki facility provide karta hai.
Aaj ke time me Google Drive, Dropbox, Network File System (NFS), aur SMB (Server Message Block) jaise remote file access systems kaafi use hote hain.
How Remote File Access Works?
Jab ek client kisi remote file ko access karta hai to system client-server model ka use karta hai.
Steps for Remote File Access:
Client ek request bhejta hai server ko file access karne ke liye.
Server request process karta hai aur permission verify karta hai.
Agar access allowed hai, to server file ko fetch karke client ko bhejta hai.
Client file ko use karta hai aur agar koi changes kare to wo server pe wapas update hoti hai.
Diagram:
Ye model ensure karta hai ki multiple users ek file ko remotely access aur modify kar sakein.
Methods of Remote File Access
Remote file access ke different methods hote hain jo system ke architecture aur requirement ke basis pe use kiye jate hain.
1. Upload/Download Model
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Isme client pehle file ko download karta hai, changes karta hai aur fir updated file ko wapas upload karta hai.
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Example: Google Drive aur Dropbox.
Advantage: Offline work possible hota hai.
Disadvantage: Agar multiple users ek file pe kaam karein to conflict ho sakta hai.
2. Remote Service Model
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Isme file directly remote server pe access hoti hai bina usko client ke local system pe download kiye.
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Example: Network File System (NFS) aur Windows SMB.
Advantage: File hamesha updated rahti hai aur multiple users ek saath kaam kar sakte hain. Disadvantage: High-speed network ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Challenges in Remote File Access
Remote file access me kuch major challenges hote hain jo performance aur security ko impact kar sakte hain:
1. Network Latency
Agar network slow hai to file access bhi slow ho jata hai. Isko optimize karne ke liye caching aur pre-fetching techniques ka use kiya jata hai.
2. Security Risks
Remote file access me data unauthorized users ke haath lag sakta hai. Isliye encryption, authentication, aur access control techniques ka use hota hai.
3. Concurrency Issues
Agar ek file pe ek hi time par multiple users kaam kar rahe hain to version conflicts ho sakte hain. Isko prevent karne ke liye file locking mechanism use hota hai.
4. Data Consistency
Distributed systems me data consistency maintain karna important hota hai. Google Drive jaise systems me version control ka use hota hai taaki file changes properly track kiye ja sakein.
Examples of Remote File Access Systems
| System | Description |
|---|---|
| Google Drive | Upload/Download Model ka use karta hai aur cloud storage provide karta hai. |
| Dropbox | Cloud-based remote file access aur sharing system. |
| Network File System (NFS) | UNIX/Linux me use hone wala remote file access system. |
| Server Message Block (SMB) | Windows aur Linux systems me file sharing ke liye use hota hai. |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | Remote servers se file upload/download karne ke liye use hota hai. |
Security in Remote File Access
Remote file access me security ensure karne ke liye different techniques use ki jati hain:
Authentication: Sirf authorized users ko access milta hai. (Example: Password aur Multi-Factor Authentication) Encryption: Data ko secure rakhne ke liye SSL/TLS encryption ka use hota hai. Access Control Lists (ACL): Users ke access levels define kiye jate hain. Backup & Recovery: Data loss avoid karne ke liye automatic backups ka use hota hai.
Conclusion
Remote File Access distributed systems ka ek important feature hai jo multiple users ko secure aur efficient file sharing ki facility provide karta hai. Google Drive, NFS, SMB, aur FTP jaise tools iska real-world me use karte hain.