Operating System
OS Part-1
OS Part-2
- File Concepts and Access methods
- Free Space Management and Allocation methods
- Directory Systems and Protection
- File Organization, Sharing and Implementation issues
- Disk and Drum Scheduling
- I/O Devices Organisation & I/O Buffering
- I/O Hardware, Kernel I/O subsystem and Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations
- Device Drivers and Path Management
- Device Driver Sub Modules and Procedure
- Device Scheduler and Handler
- Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
- File System in Linux and Windows
OS Part-3
- Process and Process Control Block(PCB)
- Process Scheduling( Preemptive and Non Preemptive)
- Scheduling Algorithms
- Algorithm Evaluation
- Multiple Processor Scheduling
- Real Time Scheduling
- Operations on Processes
- Threads
- Inter-Process Communication
- Precedence Graphs
- Critical Section Problem
- Semaphores
- Classical Problems of Synchronization
- DeadLock
- Deadlock Prevention and Avoidance
- Deadlock Detection and Recovery
- Process Management in Linux
OS Part-4
- Memory Hierarchy in OS
- Concepts of Memory Management
- MFT and MVT
- Logical and Physical Address Space
- Swapping
- Contiguous and Non Contiguous Memory Allocation
- Paging
- Segmentation
- Paging Combined with Segmentation
- Structure and Implementation of Page Table
- Virtual Memory in OS
- Cache Memory Organization
- Demand Paging
- Page Replacement Algorithms
- Allocation of Frames and Thrashing
- Demand Segmentation
OS Part-5
- Distributed Operating System: Introduction and Types
- Distributed OS: Design Issues
- Distributed OS: File System
- Distributed OS: Remote File Access
- Remote Procedure Call(RPC)
- Remote Method Invocation(RMI)
- Distributed Shared Memory
- Parallel Processing and Concurrent Programming
- Security and Threats Protection in Distributed OS
- Security Design Principles and Authentication in Distributed OS
- Sensor Network and Parallel OS
Device Driver: Path Management in Operating System
1. Device Driver Kya Hota Hai?
Device Driver ek software program hai jo OS aur hardware devices (jaise keyboard, printer, USB, hard disk) ke beech communication enable karta hai. Agar device driver nahi hoga, toh OS hardware devices ko control nahi kar paayega.
🔹 Path Management ka kaam hai ensure karna ki:
✔ Sahi device tak data pahunch sake.
✔ Multiple devices access karne par conflict na ho.
✔ Agar ek path fail ho jaye, toh alternate path use ho sake.
2. Path Management in Device Drivers Kya Hota Hai?
Path Management ka matlab hai ki OS ye decide kare ki ek device se data kis raste se bhejna ya lena hai. Ye devices ke beech smooth communication ensure karta hai.
Example:
Agar ek printer USB, Wi-Fi, aur Bluetooth ke through connect ho sakta hai:
✅ OS best available path choose karega.
✅ Agar Wi-Fi fail ho jaye, toh OS USB ya Bluetooth se print command bhejega.
3. Path Management Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
Step 1: Device Path Ki Pehchaan
Har device ko ek unique path ya address diya jata hai.
Example:
USB Drive:
/dev/usb1Hard Disk (Windows):
C:\Network Printer:
\\printer_server\printer1
Jab user koi request bhejta hai (e.g., ek file open karna), toh OS pehle check karta hai ki data kahan se lana hai.
Step 2: Accessibility Verify Karna
OS check karega:
Kya device connected hai?
Kya user ko access ki permission hai?
Kya koi aur process device use kar raha hai?
Step 3: Best Route Select Karna
Agar multiple paths available hain, toh OS sabse fast aur reliable path select karega.
🔹 Example:
Agar file Google Drive aur Hard Drive dono pe stored hai, toh OS pehle Hard Drive se open karega kyunki wo fast hai.
Agar file share karni ho, toh Google Drive select karega.
Step 4: Error Handling & Recovery
Agar koi device path fail ho jaye, toh OS:
✔ Alternative path find karega (e.g., Wi-Fi fail hone par Ethernet use karega).
✔ Retry karega ek chhoti delay ke baad.
✔ User ko notify karega agar koi bhi path available na ho.
4. Examples of Path Management in Different Devices
1️⃣ Storage Devices (HDD, SSD, USB, Network Drives)
OS check karega ki file internal hard disk (C:) pe hai ya kisi external USB (/dev/sdb1) pe.
Agar primary drive full ho, toh OS doosri drive select karega.
2️⃣ Printers (USB, Network, Bluetooth)
Agar multiple printers install hain, toh OS default printer use karega jab tak user koi aur na choose kare.
Agar network printer offline ho, toh OS doosre available printer ka suggestion dega.
3️⃣ Internet & Network Path Selection
Laptop agar Wi-Fi aur Ethernet dono se connected hai, toh OS fastest connection (Ethernet) select karega.
Agar Ethernet disconnect ho jaye, toh OS automatically Wi-Fi use karega.
5. Conclusion
✔ Path Management ensure karta hai ki OS sahi device ke sath sahi rasta use karke data transfer kare.
✔ Ye best path choose karne, failure handle karne, aur performance optimize karne me help karta hai.
✔ Storage devices, printers, aur networks sabhi path management ka use karte hain efficient data transfer ke liye.